{"id":507,"date":"2024-01-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/?p=507"},"modified":"2024-01-08T12:06:08","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T11:06:08","slug":"a-pyramide-des-preuves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/2024\/01\/08\/a-pyramide-des-preuves\/","title":{"rendered":"La Pyramide des Preuves"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Dans une d\u00e9marche scientifique, qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une preuve ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 (et comme souvent), il y a plusieurs r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 cette question, car il existe plusieurs niveau de preuves, chacun correspondant \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit, un degr\u00e9 de confiance que l&#8217;on peut lui accorder. On repr\u00e9sente souvent cela sous la forme d&#8217;une pyramide des preuves, celles du haut \u00e9tant les plus cr\u00e9dibles.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" src=\"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/La_Pyramide_des_preuves_en_sciences-1024x820.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-511\" style=\"width:587px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/La_Pyramide_des_preuves_en_sciences-1024x820.png 1024w, https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/La_Pyramide_des_preuves_en_sciences-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/La_Pyramide_des_preuves_en_sciences-768x615.png 768w, https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/La_Pyramide_des_preuves_en_sciences.png 1349w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>S&#8217;il peut exister plusieurs variantes de cette pyramide, on y retrouve g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les m\u00eames niveaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter plusieurs choses :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les m\u00e9ta-analyses (des synth\u00e8ses de synth\u00e8ses)  constituent le plus haut degr\u00e9 de preuve scientifique, tandis que les \u00e9tudes en aveugles (<a data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"487\" href=\"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/2023\/12\/18\/essais-en-aveugles\/\">\u00e9voqu\u00e9es ici<\/a>) sont juste au-dessous. A l&#8217;inverse, l&#8217;opinion d&#8217;un expert ou l&#8217;exp\u00e9rience individuelle (m\u00eame personnelle) en constitue le plus bas degr\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La forme pyramidale n&#8217;est pas anecdotique : les preuves les plus nombreuses sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les moins fiables, et r\u00e9ciproquement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans une d\u00e9marche scientifique, qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une preuve ? En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 (et comme souvent), il y a plusieurs r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 cette question, car il existe plusieurs&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/2024\/01\/08\/a-pyramide-des-preuves\/\">Lire la suite&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">La Pyramide des Preuves<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[94,6,14],"class_list":["post-507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notion","tag-methode","tag-reflexion","tag-science","entry"],"acf":{"auteur_de_limage":"RF._.studio","url_de_lauteur_de_limage":"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/fr-fr\/photo\/chimiste-des-cultures-en-prenant-des-notes-scientifiques-sur-tableau-blanc-pendant-l-experience-avec-des-liquides-3825468\/","source":"EchoScience Grenoble","url_de_la_source":"https:\/\/www.echosciences-grenoble.fr\/articles\/la-pyramide-des-preuves-en-sciences-les-differents-types-d-etudes-a-la-loupe","bibliographie":"","url_de_la_bibliographie":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=507"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":525,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions\/525"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arnaud.collignan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}